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2009年政府工作報(bào)告

Report on the Work of the Government

各位代表：現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見(jiàn)。

Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2008年工作回顧

I. Review of the Work in 2008

2008年是極不平凡的一年。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展經(jīng)受住了歷史罕見(jiàn)的重大挑戰(zhàn)和考驗(yàn)。在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國(guó)各族人民迎難而上，奮力拼搏，戰(zhàn)勝各種艱難險(xiǎn)阻，改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。

The year 2008 was truly eventful. Our country’s economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

——國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)較快增長(zhǎng)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值超過(guò)30萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9%；物價(jià)總水平漲幅得到控制；財(cái)政收入6.13萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)19.5%；糧食連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)，總產(chǎn)量10570億斤，創(chuàng)歷史最高水平。

–The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion Yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion Yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.

 ——改革開(kāi)放深入推進(jìn)。財(cái)稅、金融、價(jià)格、行政管理等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的改革取得新突破。進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額2.56萬(wàn)億美元，增長(zhǎng)17.8%。實(shí)際利用外商直接投資924億美元。

–Reform and opening up were further deepened. New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration. Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%. Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4 billion.

——社會(huì)事業(yè)加快發(fā)展，人民生活進(jìn)一步改善。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1113萬(wàn)人；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入15781元，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入4761元，實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)8.4%和8%。

–Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise. A total of 11.13 million more urban residents entered the workforce. Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 Yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 Yuan, up by 8% in real terms.

——全面奪取抗擊特大自然災(zāi)害的重大勝利。成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、殘奧會(huì)。圓滿(mǎn)完成神舟七號(hào)載人航天飛行。

–Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters. The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.

這些成就，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)在中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路上邁出新的堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐，極大地增強(qiáng)了全國(guó)各族人民戰(zhàn)勝困難的勇氣和力量，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谛碌臍v史征程上繼續(xù)奮勇前進(jìn)。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.

一年來(lái)，我們做了以下主要工作：

 Last year, we accomplished the following important work:

（一） 及時(shí)果斷調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，全力保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展

1. Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

我們正確把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點(diǎn)、力度和節(jié)奏，采取一系列促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的政策措施，在復(fù)雜多變的形勢(shì)下，積極應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重沖擊，努力增強(qiáng)調(diào)控的預(yù)見(jiàn)性、針對(duì)性和有效性。年中，在國(guó)際能源和糧食價(jià)格處于高位、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩的情況下，針對(duì)沿海地區(qū)出現(xiàn)出口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑苗頭，及時(shí)把宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)調(diào)整為―保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，控制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲‖，并采取了一些有針對(duì)性的財(cái)稅金融措施。

We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development. In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective. In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China’s coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.

9月份后，國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)急轉(zhuǎn)直下，對(duì)我國(guó)的不利影響明顯加重，我們又果斷地把宏觀調(diào)控的著力點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)到防止經(jīng)濟(jì)增速過(guò)快下滑上來(lái)，實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。三次提高出口退稅率，五次下調(diào)金融機(jī)構(gòu)存貸款基準(zhǔn)利率，四次下調(diào)存款準(zhǔn)備金率，暫免儲(chǔ)蓄存款利息個(gè)人所得稅，下調(diào)證券交易印花稅，降低住房交易稅費(fèi)，加大對(duì)中小企業(yè)信貸支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要準(zhǔn)、工作要實(shí)的要求，迅速推出進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的十項(xiàng)措施，爭(zhēng)分奪秒地加以落實(shí)；接連出臺(tái)金融支持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)輕紡工業(yè)健康發(fā)展、促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展、搞活流通擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)和保持對(duì)外貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)、穩(wěn)定就業(yè)等政策措施，加快制定重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃。

In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China. We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly. We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises. In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay. We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable. At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.

這些措施對(duì)緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的突出矛盾、增強(qiáng)信心、穩(wěn)定預(yù)期、保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。

Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.

毫不放松地加強(qiáng)―三農(nóng)‖工作。全年中央財(cái)政用于―三農(nóng)‖的投入5955億元，比上年增加1637億元，增長(zhǎng)37.9%，其中糧食直補(bǔ)、農(nóng)資綜合補(bǔ)貼、良種補(bǔ)貼、農(nóng)機(jī)具購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼資金達(dá)1030億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)一倍。三次較大幅度提高糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)，提價(jià)幅度超過(guò)20%。實(shí)施主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)政策。加強(qiáng)耕地保護(hù)和農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，提高農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力。扶持生豬、油料、奶業(yè)發(fā)展。這些政策措施在保護(hù)和調(diào)動(dòng)農(nóng)民積極性、保障重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給、增加農(nóng)民收入方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，為穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全局提供了有力支撐。

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup. Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion Yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion Yuan or 37.9%. This included 103 billion Yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools. We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%. We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products. We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity. We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products. These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.

堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。實(shí)施16個(gè)國(guó)家重大科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)。在信息、生物、環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域新建一批國(guó)家工程中心、重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和企業(yè)技術(shù)中心。成功研發(fā)支線飛機(jī)、新能源汽車(chē)、高速鐵路等一批關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和重大裝備。中央財(cái)政科技投入1163億元，增長(zhǎng)16.4%。電信、航空等行業(yè)重組邁出重要步伐。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring. We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection. We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways. The central government invested 116.3 billion Yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%. Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.

繼續(xù)淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，全年關(guān)停小火電1669萬(wàn)千瓦，關(guān)閉小煤礦1054處。加大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)投資力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和開(kāi)工一批重大項(xiàng)目。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強(qiáng)。

We continued to eliminate backward production facilities. Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines. Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched. Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.

堅(jiān)持不懈地推動(dòng)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。中央財(cái)政安排423億元資金，支持十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程和環(huán)保設(shè)施等項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。全國(guó)新增城市污水日處理能力1149萬(wàn)噸，新增燃煤脫硫機(jī)組容量9712萬(wàn)千瓦。單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比上年下降4.59%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少4.42%和5.95%。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection. The central government allocated 42.3 billion Yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities. The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year; chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%; and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.

近三年累計(jì)，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降10.08%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少6.61%和8.95%。鞏固退耕還林還草成果，推進(jìn)天然林、青海三江源等生態(tài)保護(hù)和建設(shè)工程。實(shí)施重點(diǎn)流域、區(qū)域水污染防治規(guī)劃。發(fā)布了《中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的政策與行動(dòng)》白皮書(shū)。

For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%; chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%; and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%. We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province. We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.