諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是以瑞典著名化學(xué)家、硝化甘油炸藥發(fā)明人阿爾弗雷德·貝恩哈德·諾貝爾的部分遺產(chǎn)作為基金創(chuàng)立的。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)包括金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆⒆C書(shū)和獎(jiǎng)金支票。在遺囑中他提出，將部分遺產(chǎn)（920萬(wàn)美元）作為基金，以其利息分設(shè)物理、化學(xué)、生理或醫(yī)學(xué)、文學(xué)及和平5個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，授予世界各國(guó)在這些領(lǐng)域?qū)θ祟?lèi)作出重大貢獻(xiàn)的學(xué)者。當(dāng)時(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)還未起步，所以諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)里面不包含計(jì)算機(jī)獎(jiǎng)也是很好理解的。
不過(guò)為了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)事業(yè)作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人，美國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)會(huì)（ACM）于1966年設(shè)立了圖靈獎(jiǎng)（A.M. Turing Award），這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)又被稱(chēng)為“計(jì)算機(jī)界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”，其名稱(chēng)取自計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的先驅(qū)、英國(guó)科學(xué)家阿蘭·麥席森·圖靈。
When Nobel Prizes are dished out each fall, the most accomplished professionals in computing, telecom and IT have usually been left out in the cold. That's because there is no Nobel Prize for these fields, and it's unlikely there will be one any time soon.
Why?
According to the Nobel Foundation: "The Nobel Prizes, as designated in the Will of Alfred Nobel, are in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace. Only once has a prize been added - a Memorial Prize - The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, donated by Sweden's central bank to celebrate its tercentenary in 1968. The Nobel Foundation's Board of Directors later decided to keep the original five prizes intact and not to permit new additions."
The fact that Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, died in 1896 meant that the prizes were defined just a wee bit before the IT industry really exploded. After all, the Computer History Museum's official timeline doesn't even start until 1939.
So, if IBM, Google, Apple or some other deep-pocketed tech company wanted to make a big donation along the lines of what Sweden's central bank did in 1968, maybe it could sway the Nobel Foundation to add a prize. But it most likely wouldn't be officially called a Nobel Prize.
Meanwhile, IT/computing/telecom innovators haven't been completely ignored by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2009, for example, went in part to Charles Kuen Kao, sometimes called the Father of Fiber-optic Communications.
Without an official Nobel Prize in Computing, the IT industry is left with de facto Nobel Prizes in computing and communications and engineering , such as the Association of Computing Machinery's (ACM) A.M. Turing Award, the National Academy of Engineering's Charles Stark Draper Prize and the Marconi Society's Marconi Prize. All of these organizations are known to refer to their awards as "the Nobel Prize in..." and are more than happy to have others refer to their prizes that way, too. Though the ACM and Marconi Society acknowledge they'd prefer to see an actual Nobel Prize devoted to computing and/or communications.
In fact, the ACM reportedly approached the Nobel Foundation with an offer to bankroll such a prize, but was turned down.
"I would certainly like to see [a Nobel Prize in Computing]. I'd love to have something that the public recognizes," says Jim Horning, an accomplished computer scientist who is co-chair of the ACM's Awards Committee. "We think the quality of our award is comparable, but the word 'Nobel' adds its own cachet."
The 2010 A.M. Turing Award, which comes with a $250,000 prize, went to Leslie Valiant, a versatile Harvard University computer scientist whose work has influenced everything from artificial intelligence to distributed computing.
Internet architect and current Google Chief Internet Evangelist Vint Cerf, who chaired the 2010 Turing Award committee, says he'd like to see a Nobel Prize in Computing because even the top awards that recognize great achievements in mathematics, computing and engineering don't get nearly the same amount of visibility in the general population as do Nobels. "The Nobel Prizes are so well known and the 'laureate' label sticks - giving the recipient a kind of career label that no other prize does."
Bruce Wooley, professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and chair of the 2011 IEEE Awards Board, says he too would love to see a Nobel Prize in Computing. "I think there should be an award," says the research staff member at Bell Labs. "Engineering is more of a creative process than traditional science, even though it can include engineering."
Marconi Society Executive Director Hatti Hamlin says she would also like to see a Nobel Prize in computing.
"A number of the people honored with a Marconi Prize or by the IEEE will never qualify in the categories that Nobel currently honors," she says. "A guy like Andrew Viterbi ...his impact is undeniable. He developed the underlying operating system for the most prevalent cell phone networks in the world."
John Hollar, president and CEO of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Calif., says, "It's interesting to wonder if Alfred Nobel, were he alive today, would he see computing in the same way as the pure sciences for which there are Nobel Prizes. ... If you look at the rationale Nobel used when he created prizes to honor endeavors that bring the world together in a peaceful way and move humanity forward, computing certainly fits that desire."
Ethernet inventor Bob Metcalfe, who has piled up many awards including a Marconi Prize and National Medal of Technology, says there are enough Nobel Prizes already. "The Turing Award is good enough - just increase the prize to $1M."
For those who do want to see the computing industry honored by Nobel, there is at least this bit of hope in 2011: Reportedly, the Internet/Web and some of its pioneers such as Tim Berners-Lee and Vint Cerf, along with WikiLeaks, have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. (Nobel nominations are kept confidential for a period of 50 years by the Nobel Foundation, though some individual voters have revealed their picks.)
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（來(lái)源：原版英語(yǔ) 編輯：崔旭燕）
