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 The southwest Iranian city of Ahvaz walked away with the unfortunate distinction of having the highest measured level of airborne particles smaller than 10 micrometers. |
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Cities in Iran, India, Pakistan and the capital of Mongolia rank among the worst on the planet for air pollution, while those in the US and Canada are among the best, according to the first global survey, released Monday by the World Health Organization. The southwest Iranian city of Ahvaz walked away with the unfortunate distinction of having the highest measured level of airborne particles smaller than 10 micrometers. WHO released the list to highlight the need to reduce outdoor air pollution, which is estimated to cause 1.34 million premature deaths each year. The global body said investments to lower pollution levels quickly pay off due to lower disease rates and, therefore, lower healthcare costs. The list, which relies on country-reported data over the past several years, measures the levels of airborne particles smaller than 10 micrometers — so-called PM10s — for almost 1,100 cities. WHO recommends an upper limit of 20 micrograms for PM10s, which can cause serious respiratory problems in humans. They are mostly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide from power plants, auto exhausts and industry. Ahvaz's annual average of PM10s was 372 micrograms per cubic meter. The study found that the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator had an annual average PM10s density of 279 micrograms per cubic meter, followed by another west Iranian city, Sanandaj, with 254 micrograms. Cities in Pakistan and India, such as Quetta and Kanpur, as well as Botswana's capital Gaborone, also ranked high on the pollution scale. WHO said the reasons for the high pollution levels varied, but that often rapid industrialization and the use of poor quality fuels for transportation and electricity generation are to blame. At the other end of the list are cities in Canada and the United States, which benefit from lower population density, favorable climates and stricter air pollution regulation. Yukon territory's capital Whitehorse had a yearly average of just 3 micrograms of PM10s per cubic meter, while Santa Fe, New Mexico, measured 6 micrograms. Washington, D.C., had a level of 18 micrograms, Tokyo measured 23 micrograms, and Paris had 38 micrograms of PM10s per cubic meter. (Read by Nelly Min. Nelly Min is a journalist at the China Daily Website.) (Agencies) |
世界衛(wèi)生組織周一發(fā)布的首次全球調(diào)查顯示，伊朗、印度、巴基斯坦的城市和蒙古首都是全球空氣污染最嚴(yán)重的，而美國和加拿大城市的空氣質(zhì)量是最好的。 伊朗西南部城市阿瓦士不幸成為空氣最糟城市，該市空氣中小于10微米的顆粒物含量是最高的。 世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布這一排名是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)減少室外空氣污染的必要性，據(jù)估計(jì)室外空氣污染每年造成134萬人過早死亡。該全球機(jī)構(gòu)說，降低污染水平的投資很快能得到回報(bào)，因?yàn)槲廴緶p少能夠降低疾病發(fā)生率，從而減少醫(yī)療開支。 該排名是依據(jù)各國在過去幾年內(nèi)報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)得出的，測量了近1100個(gè)城市空氣中小于10微米的顆粒物（可吸入顆粒物）的含量。 世界衛(wèi)生組織建議可吸入顆粒物的上限為20微克，這種體積的顆粒物將導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的人體呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。這些顆粒物大多為發(fā)電廠、汽車工業(yè)和汽車尾氣排出的二氧化硫和二氧化氮。 阿瓦士年均可吸入顆粒物含量為每立方米372微克。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，蒙古首都烏蘭巴托年均可吸入顆粒物濃度為每立方米279微克，其后是又一個(gè)伊朗西部城市，薩南達(dá)杰，濃度為每立方米254微克。 巴基斯坦和印度的城市，如奎達(dá)市和坎普爾市，還有博茨瓦那首都哈博羅內(nèi)，污染水平也排在前列。 世界衛(wèi)生組織說，導(dǎo)致高污染水平的原因各有不同，不過通常是由迅速工業(yè)化及在交通和發(fā)電上使用低質(zhì)量的燃料導(dǎo)致的。 在污染排行中最靠后的是加拿大和美國的城市，受益于較低的人口密度、優(yōu)越的氣候和較嚴(yán)格的空氣污染法規(guī)。 加拿大育空特區(qū)的首府懷特霍斯年均可吸入顆粒物含量僅為每立方米3微克，而美國新墨西哥州首府圣非也只有6微克/立方米。 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)的年均可吸入顆粒物含量為18微克/立方米，東京為23微克，巴黎為38微克。 相關(guān)閱讀 全球通勤痛苦指數(shù)大調(diào)查 深圳北京名列前茅 歐盟：2050年前歐洲城市實(shí)現(xiàn)“無車交通” 全球城市生活質(zhì)量調(diào)查 維也納蟬聯(lián)榜首 （中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 陳丹妮 編輯：馮明惠） |
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Vocabulary: pay off: 得到好結(jié)果，有報(bào)償 PM10: particulate matter < 10 micrometers 粒徑在10微米以下的顆粒物，又稱為可吸入顆粒物或飄塵。 exhaust: 排出的氣 |
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