聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織本周四發(fā)布最新的世界語(yǔ)言圖譜時(shí)表示，目前全世界尚存的6900種語(yǔ)言當(dāng)中，有大約2500種語(yǔ)言處于瀕危局面，比2001年發(fā)布的瀕危語(yǔ)言數(shù)量增加了好幾倍。圖譜還指出，有199種語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)不足十人，178種語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)在十人到五十人之間。另有200多種語(yǔ)言在流傳三代后消失。世界各地雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況各異，但都存在著語(yǔ)言消失的現(xiàn)象。在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲，大約使用著2000種語(yǔ)言（幾乎是世界總數(shù)的三分之一），而在將來(lái)的幾百年內(nèi)，其中至少10%的語(yǔ)言將會(huì)消失。而且圖譜還指出，印度、美國(guó)、巴西、印度尼西亞和墨西哥，這些語(yǔ)言非常多樣的國(guó)家同樣也是瀕危語(yǔ)言最多的國(guó)家。
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Of the 6,900 languages spoken in the world, some 2,500 are endangered, the UN's cultural agency UNESCO said Thursday as it released its latest atlas of world languages. [Agencies]
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The world has lost Manx in the Isle of Man, Ubykh in Turkey and last year Alaska's last native speaker of Eyak, Marie Smith Jones, died, taking the aboriginal language with her.
Of the 6,900 languages spoken in the world, some 2,500 are endangered, the UN's cultural agency UNESCO said Thursday as it released its latest atlas of world languages.
That represents a multi-fold increase from the last atlas compiled in 2001 which listed 900 languages threatened with extinction.
But experts say this is more the result of better research tools than of an increasingly dire situation for the world's many tongues.
Still there is disheartening news.
There are 199 languages in the world spoken by fewer than a dozen people, including Karaim which has six speakers in Ukraine and Wichita, spoken by 10 people in the US state of Oklahoma.
The last four speakers of Lengilu talk among themselves in Indonesia.
Prospects are a bit brighter for some 178 other languages, spoken by between 10 and 150 people.
More than 200 languages have become extinct over the last three generations such as Ubykh that fell silent in 1992 when Tefvic Esenc passed on, Aasax in Tanzania, which disappeared in 1976, and Manx in 1974.
India tops the list of countries with the greatest number of endangered languages, 196 in all, followed by the United States which stands to lose 192 and Indonesia, where 147 are in peril.
Australian linguist Christopher Moseley, who headed the atlas' team of 25 experts, noted that countries with rich linguistic diversity like India and the United States are also facing the greatest threat of language extinction.
Even Sub-Saharan Africa's melting pot of some 2,000 languages is expected to shrink by at least 10 percent over the coming century, according to UNESCO.
On UNESCO's rating scale, 538 languages are critically endangered, 502 severely endangered, 632 definitely endangered and 607 unsafe.
On a brighter note, Papua New Guinea, the country of 800 languages, the most diverse in the world, has only 88 endangered dialects.
Certain languages are even showing signs of a revival, like Cornish, a Celtic language spoken in Cornwall, southern England, and Sishee in New Caledonia.
Governments in Peru, New Zealand, Canada, the United States and Mexico have been successful in their efforts to prevent indigenous languages from dying out.
UNESCO deputy director Francoise Riviere applauded government efforts to support linguistic diversity but added that "people have to be proud to speak their language" to ensure it thrives.
(Agencies)
（英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen 編輯）
