編者按：今年是世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年，聯(lián)合國作為“二戰(zhàn)”勝利的成果之一，也將迎來它70歲的生日。9月，第70屆聯(lián)合國大會將在紐約舉行，預(yù)計會成為有史以來最多國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人云集的聯(lián)大會議，中國國家主席習(xí)近平也將首次在聯(lián)大發(fā)言。

從1974年鄧小平登上聯(lián)合國講臺算起，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已經(jīng)先后多次亮相聯(lián)合國會場。他們都說過什么，又有著怎樣的風(fēng)采表現(xiàn)？回望41年間各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的聯(lián)合國之旅，或許可以清晰地看出中國在國際外交舞臺上的堅實(shí)足跡。

鄧小平：新中國新面孔引發(fā)震撼

1974年4月，聯(lián)合國大會第六屆特別會議在紐約召開，中國政府決定由剛剛恢復(fù)工作不久的鄧小平（時任國務(wù)院副總理）率團(tuán)參加。而彼時，國際社會對新中國并不了解，對鄧小平更是知之甚少。

在100多個國家的代表團(tuán)和眾多記者的期待之中，鄧小平健步走上聯(lián)合國大會講臺，從容開始了富有自己特色的發(fā)言。他全面系統(tǒng)地闡述當(dāng)時提出的“三個世界”理論和中國對外關(guān)系原則，提出建立國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序的基本主張，表明中國堅決站在第三世界國家一邊，永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸。

金句摘錄：

沒有政治獨(dú)立，就不可能獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立；而沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立，一個國家的獨(dú)立就是不完全、不鞏固的。
Without political independence, it is impossible to achieve economic independence; without economic independence, a country's independence is incomplete and insecure.

我們說的自力更生，就是主要依靠本國人民的力量和智慧，掌握本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈，充分利用本國的資源，努力增加糧食生產(chǎn)，有計劃地、逐步地發(fā)展本國的民族經(jīng)濟(jì)。
By self-reliance we mean that a country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom of its own people, control its own economic lifelines, make full use of its own resources, strive hard to increase food production and develop its national economy step by step and in a planned way.

自力更生決不是“閉關(guān)自守”，拒絕外援。我們一向認(rèn)為，各國在尊重國家主權(quán)、平等互利、互通有無的條件下，開展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流，取長補(bǔ)短，對于發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟(jì)，是有利的和必要的。
Self-reliance in no way means "self-seclusion" and rejection of foreign aid. We have always considered it beneficial and necessary for the development of the national economy that countries should carry on economic and technical exchanges on the basis of respect for state sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, and the exchange of needed goods to make up for each other's deficiencies.

我們主張，國家之間的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系都應(yīng)當(dāng)建立在互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上。我們反對任何國家違背這些原則，在任何地區(qū)建立霸權(quán)和勢力范圍。
We hold that in both political and economic relations, countries should base themselves on the Five Principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. We are opposed to the establishment of hegemony and spheres of influence by any country in any part of the world in violation of these principles.

我們主張，各國的事務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)由各國人民自己來管。發(fā)展中國家人民有權(quán)自行選擇和決定他們自己的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。我們支持發(fā)展中國家對自己的自然資源享有和行使永久主權(quán)。我們支持發(fā)展中國家對一切外國資本特別是“跨國公司”進(jìn)行控制和管理，直到把它們收歸國有。我們支持發(fā)展中國家“各別地或集體地自力更生”發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟(jì)的主張。
We hold that the affairs of each country should be managed by its own people. The people of the developing countries have the right to choose and decide on their own social and economic systems. We support the permanent sovereignty of the developing countries over their own natural resources as well as their exercise of it. We support the actions of the developing countries to bring all foreign capital, and particularly "trans-national corporations," under their control and management, up to and including nationalization. We support the position of the developing countries for the development of their national economy through "individual and collective self-reliance."

我們主張，國家不論大小，不論貧富，應(yīng)該一律平等，國際經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)應(yīng)該由世界各國共同來管，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)由一、兩個超級大國來壟斷。我們支持占世界人口絕大多數(shù)的發(fā)展中國家享有參與有關(guān)國際貿(mào)易、貨幣、航運(yùn)等一切決定的充分權(quán)利。
We hold that all countries, big or small, rich or poor, should be equal, and that international economic affairs should be jointly managed by all the countries of the world instead of being monopolized by the one or two superpowers. We support the full right of the developing countries, which comprise the great majority of the world's population, to take part in all decision-making on international trade, monetary, shipping and other matters.

我們主張，國際貿(mào)易應(yīng)當(dāng)建立在平等互利、互通有無的原則基礎(chǔ)上。我們支持發(fā)展中國家改善它們的原料、初級產(chǎn)品、半制成品和制成品的貿(mào)易條件，擴(kuò)大銷售市場，確定公正有利的價格等迫切要求。我們支持發(fā)展中國家建立各種原料輸出國組織，進(jìn)行反殖、反帝、反霸的聯(lián)合斗爭。
We hold that international trade should be based on the principles of equality, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods. We support the urgent demand of the developing countries to improve trade terms for their raw materials, primary products and semi-manufactured and manufactured goods, to expand their market and to fix equitable and favourable prices. We support the developing countries in establishing various organizations of raw material exporting countries for a united struggle against colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism.

我們主張，對發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格尊重受援國的主權(quán)，不附帶任何政治、軍事條件，不要求任何特權(quán)或借機(jī)牟取暴利。對發(fā)展中國家提供的貸款應(yīng)當(dāng)是無息或低息的，必要時可以延期還本付息，甚至減免債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。我們反對假借援助對發(fā)展中國家進(jìn)行高利盤剝和敲詐勒索。
We hold that economic aid to the developing countries must strictly respect the sovereignty of the recipient countries and must not be accompanied by any political or military conditions and the extortion of any special privileges or excessive profits. Loans to the developing countries should be interest-free or low-interest and allow for delayed repayment of capital and interest, or even reduction and cancellation of debts in case of necessity. We are opposed to the exploitation of developing countries by usury or blackmail in the name of aid.

我們主張，對發(fā)展中國家的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓必須實(shí)用、有效、廉價、方便，派往受援國的專家和人員有責(zé)任向受援國人民認(rèn)真?zhèn)魇诩夹g(shù)，尊重受援國的法令和民族習(xí)慣，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)要求特殊待遇，更不得進(jìn)行非法活動。
We hold that technology transferred to the developing countries must be practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use. The experts and other personnel dispatched to the recipient countries have the obligation to pass on conscientiously technical know-how to the people there and to respect the laws and national customs of the countries concerned. They must not make special demands or ask for special amenities, let alone engage in illegal activities.

中國是一個社會主義國家，也是一個發(fā)展中的國家。中國屬于第三世界。中國政府和中國人民，一貫遵循毛主席的教導(dǎo)，堅決支持一切被壓迫人民和被壓迫民族爭取和維護(hù)民族獨(dú)立，發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟(jì)，反對殖民主義、帝國主義、霸權(quán)主義的斗爭，這是我們應(yīng)盡的國際主義義務(wù)。中國現(xiàn)在不是，將來也不做超級大國。
China is a socialist country, and a developing country as well. China belongs to the Third World. Consistently following Chairman Mao's teachings, the Chinese government and people firmly support all oppressed peoples and oppressed nations in their struggle to win or defend national independence, develop the national economy and oppose colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism. This is our bounden internationalist duty. China is not a superpower, nor will she ever seek to be one.