NASA spacecraft enters orbit around Mars (AP) Updated: 2006-03-11 08:37
A NASA spacecraft successfully slipped into orbit around Mars Friday, joining
a trio of orbiters already circling the Red Planet.
This artist's
concept of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter released by NASA features the
spacecraft's main bus facing down, toward the red planet. After a
seven-month journey, a NASA spacecraft closed in on Mars on Friday March
10, 2006 on a mission to examine the Red Planet in unprecedented detail
from low orbit. [AP] |
Scientists cheered after the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter emerged from the
planet's shadow and signaled to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory that the
maneuver was a success.
"Oh I am very relieved," project manager Jim Graf said minutes later. "It was
picture perfect."
The two-ton spacecraft is the most sophisticated ever to arrive at Mars and
is expected to gather more data on the Red Planet than all previous Martian
missions combined.
It will explore Mars in low orbit for four years and is expected to churn out
the most detailed information ever about the planet and its climate and
landscape.
In the fall, the orbiter will begin exploring the Martian atmosphere, scan
the surface for evidence of ancient water and scout for future landing sites to
send robotic and possibly human explorers.
The $720 million mission is managed by JPL in Pasadena.
After a seven-month, 310 million-mile journey, the orbiter arrived at Mars
Friday for the risky orbit insertion phase. Project managers had been nervous
because of Mars' reputation of swallowing scientific probes.
But the Reconnaissance Orbiter performed the move without problem.
As it neared the planet, it fired its main propulsion engines for 27 minutes
to slow itself down so that the planet's gravity could pull it into orbit. At
one point during the burn, the spacecraft disappeared behind Mars 錕斤拷 as engineers
had planned 錕斤拷 and was temporarily out of radio contact with controllers.
Mission control was visibly tense as it awaited word from the orbiter, which
reappeared and signaled that it had entered into an elliptical orbit around Mars
that will swing it as close as 250 miles above the surface.
The spacecraft will spend seven months dipping into the upper atmosphere to
shrink the orbit.
The successful mission was welcome news for NASA, which has a mixed record of
putting spacecraft into orbit around Mars.
In the last 15 years, NASA lost two orbiters back-to-back 錕斤拷 the Mars Observer
in 1993 and the Mars Climate Orbiter in 1999 錕斤拷 during the orbit insertion phase.
The Reconnaissance Orbiter is the fourth eye on the Martian sky, joining
NASA's Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey and the European Space Agency's
Mars Express, which have been mapping the planet the past few years. On the
surface, the NASA rovers Spirit and Opportunity, continue their robotic geology
missions.
The newest orbiter is loaded with the most advanced science instruments ever
sent to another planet including a telescopic camera to photograph the surface
in unprecedented detail and radar to probe underground for ice and possible
evidence of liquid water.
The spacecraft won't beam back images or data until November. Like previous
space probes before it, it will seek for evidence of ancient water and other
signs that the planet could have been hospitable to life.
It will also scan for potential spots to land the next generation of robotic
rovers and determine whether human outposts can survive on the dusty planet.
Present-day Mars is dry and cold with large caps of frozen water at its
poles, but scientists believe the planet once was warmer and wetter eons ago 錕斤拷
conditions that might have been suitable for life.
During the mission's second phase, the orbiter will transmit data between
Earth and Mars. It is expected to serve as a communication relay for the Phoenix
Mars Scout, which will explore the icy north pole in 2008 and the Mars Science
Laboratory, an advanced rover scheduled to launch in 2009.
The Reconnaissance Orbiter's primary mission will end in 2010.
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